1.
Eades C, Grimshaw R, Silvestri A, Solomon E. ‘Knife Crime’ A review of evidence and policy. http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/crimeandjustice.org.uk/files/ccjs_knife_report.pdf
2.
Tackling Knife Crime: A Review of Literature on Knife Crime in the UK. http://royalarmouries.org/assets-uploaded/documents/RA_Literature_Review_on_Knife_Crime.pdf
3.
Brookman F, Maguire M. Reducing homicide: A review of the possibilities. Crime, Law and Social Change. 2005;42(4-5):325-403. doi:10.1007/s10611-005-1931-4
4.
Dorling D. Prime Suspect Murder in Britain. Criminal obsessions: Why harm matters more than crime. http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/crimeandjustice.org.uk/files/Criminal%20obsessions.pdf
5.
Ending Gang and Youth Violence: Annual Report 2013. Published online 2013. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/278779/EndingGangYouthViolence2013.pdf
6.
Aiming high for young people: a ten year strategy for positive activities. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/http://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/PU214.pdf
7.
Kinsella B. Tacking Knife Crime Together: A Review of Local Anti-Knife Crime Projects. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/97777/tackling-knife-crime-report.pdf
8.
Knife Amnesty Impact on Knife-Enabled Offences. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/06_12_06_%20knife_amnesty.pdf
9.
Sutherland A, Brunton-Smith I, Jackson J. Collective Efficacy, Deprivation and Violence in London. British Journal of Criminology. 2013;53(6):1050-1074. doi:10.1093/bjc/azt050
10.
Brantingham P. Environment, Routine, and Situation: Toward a Pattern Theory of Crime. In: Routine Activity and Rational Choice. Vol Advances in criminological theory. Transaction; 2004.
11.
Clear TR. The new crimionology of place signals an end to atomistic crime policies. Community corrections report. 1996;4:1-20.
12.
Felson M. Crime and Everyday Life. 4th ed. SAGE; 2010.
13.
Felson M, Santos RB, SAGE Knowledge EBA. Crime and Everyday Life. 4th ed. SAGE; 2010. http://0-knowledge.sagepub.com.wam.city.ac.uk/view/crime-and-everyday-life-4e/SAGE.xml
14.
Wiles P, Costello A. The ‘Road to Nowhere’: The Evidence for Travelling Criminals. Published online 2000. http://www.popcenter.org/tools/offender_interviews/PDFs/WilesCostello.pdf
15.
Andresen MA, Felson M. The Impact of Co-Offending. British Journal of Criminology. 2010;50(1):66-81. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp043
16.
Bell J. Cruising Cooper Street. Police Chief. 1:26-29.
17.
Brantingham PJ, Brantingham PL. Crime Pattern Theory. In: Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis. Vol Crime science series. Willan; 2008.
18.
Clarke RVG. Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. 2nd ed. Criminal Justice; 1997.
19.
Clarke RV. Seven Misconceptions of Situational Crime Prevention. In: Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety. Willan; 2005.
20.
Clarke RVG, Felson M. Routine Activity and Rational Choice. Vol Advances in criminological theory. Transaction; 2004.
21.
Crowe TD, Fennelly LJ, Elsevier Freedom Collection EBA. Crime prevention through environmental design. Published online 2013. http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.wam.city.ac.uk/science/book/9780124116351
22.
Eck JE, Weisburd D, Police Executive Research Forum. Crime and Place. Vol Crime prevention studies. Criminal Justice Press; 1995.
23.
Felson M. The process of co-offending. In: Theory for Practice in Situational Crime Prevention. Vol Crime prevention studies. Lynne Rienner; 2010.
24.
Goldstein H. Problem-Oriented Policing. McGraw-Hill; 1990.
25.
Hilborn J. Dealing with crime and disorder in urban parks. http://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p163-pub.pdf
26.
Kelling GL, Coles CM. Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities. Touchstone; 1997.
27.
Eck J, Madensen T. Spectator Violence in Stadiums. http://www.popcenter.org/problems/spectator_violence/
28.
Newman G, Clarke RV, Shoham SG. Rational Choice and Situational Crime Prevention. Dartmouth Publishing Group
29.
Newman O. Defensible Space: Crime Prevention through Urban Design. Macmillan; 1972.
30.
Barry Poyner. Design against Crime. Butterworths; 1983.
31.
Tremblay P. Search for Suitable Co-offenders. In: Routine Activity and Rational Choice. Vol Advances in criminological theory. Transaction; 2004.
32.
Wortley R. Situational Precipitators of Crime. In: Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis. Vol Crime science series. Willan; 2008.
33.
Wortley R. Situational Precipitators of Crime. In: Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis. Vol Crime science series. Willan; 2008. http://0-lib.myilibrary.com.wam.city.ac.uk/?id=184577
34.
Wortley R, Mazerolle LG. Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis. Vol Crime science series. Willan; 2008.
35.
Wortley R, Mazerolle LG, MyiLibrary. Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis. Vol Crime science series. Willan; 2008. http://0-lib.myilibrary.com.wam.city.ac.uk/?id=184577
36.
Brown AP. Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime Control and Social Control. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2004;43(2):203-211. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.2004.00321.x
37.
Casey L. Engaging Communities in Fighting Crime. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/18_06_08_caseyreport.pdf
38.
Coleman R. Reclaiming the Streets: Closed Circuit Television, Neoliberalism and the Mystification of Social Divisions in Liverpool, UK. Surveillance and Society. 2004;2(2/3):293-309. http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/download/3379/3342
39.
Walklate S. Community and Crime Prevention. In: Controlling Crime. 2nd ed. SAGE, in association with the Open University; 2001.
40.
Atkinson R, Helms G, University of Glasgow. Securing an Urban Renaissance: Crime, Community, and British Urban Policy. Policy Press; 2007.
41.
Tilley N. Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety. Willan; 2005.
42.
Coleman R. Reclaiming the Streets: Surveillance, Social Control and the City. Willan; 2004.
43.
Coleman R, MyiLibrary. Reclaiming the Streets: Surveillance, Social Control, and the City. Willan; 2004. http://0-www.myilibrary.com.wam.city.ac.uk/?id=133189
44.
Collins S, Cattermole R. Anti-Social Behaviour: Powers and Remedies. Sweet & Maxwell; 2004.
45.
Crawford A, University of Leeds. Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe. Willan; 2002.
46.
Feeley M, Simon J. The New Penology. In: Criminological Perspectives: Essential Readings. 2nd ed. SAGE in association with The Open University; 2003.
47.
Gilling D. Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Politics. Routledge; 2004.
48.
Report a crime or antisocial behaviour. Published 2009. https://www.gov.uk/report-crime-anti-social-behaviour
49.
Hughes G, McLaughlin E, Muncie J. Teetering on the Edge... In: Crime Prevention and Community Safety: New Directions. SAGE, in association with the Open University; 2002.
50.
Hughes G. The Politics of Crime and Community. Palgrave Macmillan; 2007.
51.
Hughes G. Understanding Crime Prevention: Social Control, Risk and Late Modernity. Vol Crime and justice. Open University Press; 1998.
52.
Clarke RV. Situational Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice. In: Criminological Perspectives: Essential Readings. 2nd ed. SAGE in association with The Open University; 2003.
53.
Clark RV. Technology, Criminology and Crime Science. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. 2002;10(1):55-63. doi:10.1023/B:CRIM.0000037557.42894.f7
54.
Felson M, Clarke R. Opportunity Makes the Thief Practical theory for crime prevention. Published online 1998. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/prgpdfs/fprs98.pdf
55.
Think Thief: A Designer’s Guide to Designing Out Crime. Published online 2008. http://www.veilig-ontwerp-beheer.nl/publicaties/designing-out-crime-a-designers-guide
56.
Ten Principles of Opportunity and Crime. Published 2008. http://www.threatanalysis.com/blog/?p=87
57.
Newman O. Defensible Space: Crime Prevention through Urban Design. Macmillan; 1972.
58.
Atkinson R, Helms G, University of Glasgow. Securing an Urban Renaissance: Crime, Community, and British Urban Policy. Policy Press; 2007.
59.
Clarke RVG, Cornish DB. The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. Vol Research in criminology. Springer-Verlag; 1986.
60.
Crawford A. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: Politics, Policies, and Practices. Vol Longman criminology series. Longman; 1998.
61.
Davis M. Beyond Blade Runner: Urban Control and the Ecology of Fear. In: Criminological Perspectives: Essential Readings. 2nd ed. SAGE in association with The Open University; 2003.
62.
Hughes G, Edwards A, Dawsonera. Crime Control and Community: The New Politics of Public Safety. Willan; 2002. https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://eresources.city.ac.uk/oala/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781843924340
63.
Gilling D. Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Politics. Routledge; 2004.
64.
Nuttall CP, Goldblatt P, Lewis C, Great Britain. Reducing Offending: An Assessment of Research Evidence on Ways of Dealing with Offending Behaviour. Vol Home Office research study. Home Office; 1998.
65.
Hope T, Shaw M, Great Britain. Communities and Crime Reduction. HMSO; 1988.
66.
Hughes G. The Politics of Crime and Community. Palgrave Macmillan; 2007.
67.
Hughes G, McLaughlin E, Muncie J. Teetering on the Edge... In: Crime Prevention and Community Safety: New Directions. SAGE, in association with the Open University; 2002.
68.
Smith MJ, Tilley N. Crime Science: New Approaches to Preventing and Detecting Crime. Vol Crime science series. Routledge; 2012.
69.
Tilley N. Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety. Willan; 2005.
70.
GRAHAM S, WOOD D. Digitizing Surveillance: Categorization, Space, Inequality. Critical Social Policy. 2003;23(2):227-248. doi:10.1177/0261018303023002006
71.
D. Haggerty, Richard V. Ericson K. The surveillant assemblage. British Journal of Sociology. 2000;51(4):605-622. doi:10.1080/00071310020015280
72.
Haggerty KD. The Thousand Times Larger: Anticipating the Expansion of Surveillance. In: New Directions in Surveillance and Privacy. Willan; 2009.
73.
Lyon D. Surveillance as Social Sorting: Computer Codes and Mobile Bodies. In: Surveillance as Social Sorting: Privacy, Risk and Digital Discrimination. Routledge; 2003.
74.
Lyon D. Surveillance as Social Sorting: Computer Codes and Mobile Bodies. In: Surveillance as Social Sorting: Privacy, Risk, and Digital Discrimination. Routledge; 2003. http://0-www.myilibrary.com.wam.city.ac.uk/?id=14126
75.
A Report on the Surveillance Society. http://ico.org.uk/~/media/documents/library/Data_Protection/Practical_application/SURVEILLANCE_SOCIETY_FULL_REPORT_2006.PDF
76.
Amoore L. Algorithmic War: Everyday Geographies of the War on Terror. Antipode. 2009;41(1):49-69. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2008.00655.x
77.
Amoore L. Lines of sight: on the visualization of unknown futures. Citizenship Studies. 2009;13(1):17-30. doi:10.1080/13621020802586628
78.
Amoore L. Biometric borders: Governing mobilities in the war on terror. Political Geography. 2006;25(3):336-351. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.02.001
79.
Amoore L, De Goede M. Governance, risk and dataveillance in the war on terror. Crime, Law and Social Change. 2005;43(2-3):149-173. doi:10.1007/s10611-005-1717-8
80.
Bogard W. Surveillance Assembalges and Lines of Flight. In: Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond. Willan; 2006.
81.
Boyne R. Post-Panopticism. Economy and Society. 2000;29(2):285-307. doi:10.1080/030851400360505
82.
Davies S. Big Brother: Britain’s Web of Surveillance and the New Technological Order. Pan; 1996.
83.
Elmer G, Opel A. Pre-empting Panoptic Surveillance: Surviving the Inevitable War on Terror. In: Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond. Willan; 2006.
84.
Laidler K. Surveillance Unlimited: How We’ve Become the Most Watched People on Earth. Icon; 2008.
85.
Lyon D. Globalizing Surveillance: Comparative and Sociological Perspectives. International Sociology. 2004;19(2):135-149. doi:10.1177/0268580904042897
86.
Lyon D. Surveillance Studies: An Overview. Polity Press; 2007.
87.
Monahan T. Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life. Routledge; 2006.
88.
Norris C, Armstrong G. The Maximum Surveillance Society: The Rise of CCTV. Berg; 1999.
89.
Norris C, Moran J, Armstrong G. Surveillance, Closed Circuit Television and Social Control. Ashgate; 1998.
90.
Ogura T. Electronic Government and Surveillance and Security Oriented Society. In: Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond. Willan; 2006.
91.
Bratton WJ, Heritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.). Cutting Crime and Restoring Order: What America Can Learn from New York’s Finest. Vol Heritage lecture. Heritage Foundation; 1996. http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/hl573nbsp-cutting-crime-and-restoring-order
92.
Davis M. Bladerunner. In: Criminological Perspectives: Essential Readings. 2nd ed. SAGE in association with The Open University; 2003.
93.
Wilson JQ, Kelling GL. Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety. In: Criminological Perspectives: Essential Readings. 2nd ed. SAGE in association with The Open University; 2003.
94.
Kelling GL, Wilson JQ. Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety. http://www.lantm.lth.se/fileadmin/fastighetsvetenskap/utbildning/Fastighetsvaerderingssystem/BrokenWindowTheory.pdf
95.
HERBERT S. Policing the Contemporary City:: Fixing Broken Windows or Shoring Up Neo-Liberalism? Theoretical Criminology. 2001;5(4):445-466. doi:10.1177/1362480601005004003
96.
McLaughlin E. The New Policing. SAGE; 2007.
97.
McLaughlin E, SAGE Knowledge EBA. The New Policing. SAGE; 2007. http://0-knowledge.sagepub.com.wam.city.ac.uk/view/the-new-policing/SAGE.xml
98.
Bratton WJ. Crime is Down in New York City: Blame the Police. In: Policing: Key Readings. Willan; 2005.
99.
Bratton WJ, Dennis N, Institute of Economic Affairs (Great Britain). Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society. Vol Choice in welfare series. IEA Health and Welfare Unit; 1997.
100.
Dixon D. Beyond Zero Tolerance. In: Policing: Key Readings. Willan; 2005.
101.
Ericson RV, Haggerty KD. Policing the Risk Society. Vol Clarendon studies in criminology. Clarendon Press; 1997.
102.
ERICSON RV, JSTOR DDA. Policing the Risk Society. University of Toronto Press; 1997. http://0-www.jstor.org.wam.city.ac.uk/stable/10.3138/9781442678590
103.
Innes M. Signal crimes and signal disorders: notes on deviance as communicative action. The British Journal of Sociology. 2004;55(3):335-355. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00023.x
104.
Kelling GL, Coles CM. Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities. Touchstone; 1997.
105.
McArdle A, Erzen T. Zero Tolerance: Quality of Life and the New Police Brutality in New York City. New York University Press; 2001.
106.
Nelson J. Police Brutality: An Anthology. W.W. Norton; 2000.
107.
Newburn T, Reiner R. Police and Policing. In: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2012.
108.
Sousa WH, Kelling G. Of Broken Windows, Criminology and Criminal Justice. In: Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. Vol Cambridge studies in criminology. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
109.
Sousa WH, Kelling G. Of Broken Windows, Criminology and Criminal Justice. In: Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. Vol Cambridge Studies in Criminology. Cambridge University Press; 2006. http://0-dx.doi.org.wam.city.ac.uk/10.1017/CBO9780511489334
110.
Mythen G, Walklate S, Khan F. ‘I’m a Muslim, but I’m not a Terrorist’: Victimization, Risky Identities and the Performance of Safety. British Journal of Criminology. 2009;49(6):736-754. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp032
111.
Goodey J. Ethnic Profiling, Criminal (In) Justice and Minority Populations. Critical Criminology. 2006;14(3):207-212. doi:10.1007/s10612-006-9010-4
112.
Pantazis C, Pemberton S. From the ‘Old’ to the ‘New’ Suspect Community: Examining the Impacts of Recent UK Counter-Terrorist Legislation. British Journal of Criminology. 2009;49(5):646-666. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp031
113.
Goodey J. The Criminalization of British Asian Youth: Research from Bradford and Sheffield. Journal of Youth Studies. 2001;4(4):429-450. doi:10.1080/13676260120101897
114.
Gregory F. Policing the ‘New Extremism’ in 21st Century Britain. In: The New Extremism in 21st Century Britain. Vol Routledge studies in extremism and democracy. Routledge; 2010.
115.
Hand T, Dodd L. Stops and Searches. Police Powers and Procedures England and Wales 2007/08. http://www.statewatch.org/news/2009/may/uk-ho-stats-police.pdf
116.
Rollock N. The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry 10 Years On: An Analysis of the Literature. http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/StephenLawrenceInquiryReport-2009.pdf
117.
Hillyard P. Suspect Community: People’s Experience of the Prevention of Terrorism Acts in Britain. Pluto Press in association with Liberty; 1993.
118.
Hillyard P. The "War on Terror”: lessons from Ireland. http://www.ecln.org/essays/essay-1.pdf
119.
Hudson B. Diversity, Crime and Criminal Justice. In: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2012.
120.
Bramhall G, Hudson B. Assessing the ‘Other’: Constructions of ‘Asianness’ in Risk Assessments by Probation Officers. British Journal of Criminology. 2005;45(5):721-740. http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/content/45/5/721.full.pdf
121.
Ethnic Profiling The Use of ‘Race’ in UK Law Enforcement. http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/EthnicProfiling-2010.pdf
122.
Smith D. Criminology, Contemporary Society. In: Race and Criminal Justice. SAGE; 2009. https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://eresources.city.ac.uk/oala/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780857026804
123.
P. A. J. Waddington, Kevin Stenson and David Don. IN PROPORTION: Race, and Police Stop and Search. The British Journal of Criminology. 2004;44(6):889-914. http://0-www.jstor.org.wam.city.ac.uk/stable/23639068
124.
Peay J. Mentally Disordered Offenders, Metal Health and Crime. In: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2012:496-527.
125.
Travis Hirschi and Michael J. Hindelang. Intelligence and Delinquency: A Revisionist Review. American Sociological Review. 1977;42(4):571-587. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094556
126.
Bonta J, Law M, Hanson K. The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 1998;123(2):123-142. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.123.2.123
127.
DENKOWSKI GC, DENKOWSKI KM. The Mentally Retarded Offender in the State Prison System: Identification, Prevalence, Adjustment, and Rehabilitation. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1985;12(1):55-70. doi:10.1177/0093854885012001005
128.
William T. Dickens and James R. Flynn. Black Americans Reduce the Racial IQ Gap: Evidence from Standardization Samples. Psychological Science. 2006;17(10):913-920. http://0-www.jstor.org.wam.city.ac.uk/stable/40064475
129.
Gould SJ. The Mismeasure of Man. W.W.Norton; 1981.
130.
Herrnstein RJ, Murray CA. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. Free Press Papberbacks; 1996.
131.
Kandel, Elizabeth. IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Published online 1988. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.2.224
132.
Laing RD, Laing RD. The Politics of Experience: And, The Bird of Paradise. Vol A Pelican book. Penguin; 1967.
133.
Neisser, Ulric. Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, Vol 51(2), Feb, 1996. Published online 1996. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77
134.
Slopen NB. Age analysis of newspaper coverage of mental illness. Journal Of Health Communication [J Health Commun] 2007 Jan-Feb; Vol. 12. http://0-search.ebscohost.com.wam.city.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=17365345&site=ehost-live
135.
Sutton J, Smith PK, Swettenham J. Social cognition and bullying: Social inadequacy or skilled manipulation? British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 1999;17(3):435-450. doi:10.1348/026151099165384
